Analysis Of D H Lawrence s The White Peacock

ABSTRACT D H Lawrence, born in 1885, was regarded as a great novelist of early 20th Century. He was brought up in a tense atmosphere due to the constant discord between his parents.. He was much impressed by his mother whom he used to love and respect from the bottom of his heart. he also wrote short stories, essay travel books and criticism, yet he is most remembered for his great novels The White Peacock (1911), The Trespasser (1912) , and Sons and Lovers (1913). Sons and Lovers was Lawrence’s masterpiece which raised him to the level of eminent men of letters of England. It was written chiefly in an autobiographical style with his favourite setting of meaning area. In this novel, Lawrence made a fine blending of love and†¦show more content†¦Lawrence describes about the relationship between wife and husband and between lover and beloved. The relationship between man and woman is the main dominant theme in his novels whether expressed in one form or the other in various shades , hues and aspects. Such relationship may be between husband and wife, between son and his mother or between a woman and her lover. Sex plays an important part for the development of such relationships in one way, or the other. The sexual coldness of a man or woman may give rise to perverted sexual relationships. Lawrence expresses his heart feeling in an emotional and popular autobiographical novel, presents the conflict of sexual relationships. In the opening part, we read about the constant discord between father and mother. It results in the close attachment and relationship between the sons and their mother who depends more on her happiness rather than her husband who goes astray because of his drunkenness and wayward life. Lawrence himself is there in the garb of Paul Morel. He discusses and closely analyses the relationship between m en and women. He presents human relationship on its various tangles. He wrote, †I can only write that what I feel strongly about; and, that, at present, is the relation between men and women†. He found that relations that exist between men and women ran short of something very vital and something evil and greatly damaging had entered humanShow MoreRelatedThis Tournament Goes to Eleven4982 Words   |  20 Pagesfreeing Arcadia and killing Satyr, while a third is seen lying neglected on the heaps of mule and cow dung and could not get up to greet those entering. After one of those figures was slain his 100 most famous attributes were placed on the tails of peacocks, as Hera had previously entrusted him to watch Io with his many eyes. The brother of Cerberus and the dog of Odysseus share, For 10 points, what namesake with the builder of Jasons ship? ANSWER: Argos or Argus 2. The First Battle of AcentejoRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesthe case analysis I N T R O D U C T I O N Preparing an effective case analysis: The full story Hearing with the aid of implanted technology: The case of Cochlearâ„ ¢ – an Australian C A S E O N E high-technology leader Delta Faucet: Global entrepreneurship in an emerging market C A S E T W O DaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie music industry C A S E F I VRead MoreGame Theory and Economic Analyst83847 Words   |  336 PagesGame Theory and Economic Analysis Game Theory and Economic Analysis presents the wide range of current contributions of game theory to economics. The chapters fall broadly into two categories. Some lay out in a jargon-free manner a particular branch of the theory, the evolution of one of its concepts, or a problem that runs through its development. Others are original pieces of work that are signiï ¬ cant to game theory as a whole. After taking the reader through a concise history of gameRead MoreManagement and Teaching Note19520 Words   |  79 Pages207-058-4 EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY AND RESERVE BANK INTERVENTION: THE CASE OF NEW ZEALAND Structured assignment Gonela, SK; Panuganti, SM IBSCDC 14pp; Teaching note 207-058-8 (11pp) 207-046-1 GERMANY’S ‘GREEN DOT’WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM George, SS; Govind, S ICMR Center for Management Research 21pp; Teaching note 207-046-8 (3pp) 207-059-1 GLOBAL INFLATION: MONETARY POLICY DEBATE Gonela, SK; Kompella, R IBSCDC 8pp; Teaching note 207-059-8 (13pp) 207-059-4 GLOBAL INFLATION: MONETARY POLICY DEBATE StructuredRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore

Son of the Morning Star Free Essays

Son of the Morning Star Analysis Evan S. Connell has a unique writing style. While most stories are told from beginning to end, Son of the Morning Star: Custer and The Little Bighorn (North Point Press, 1984) begins with the aftermath of The Battle of the Little Bighorn. We will write a custom essay sample on Son of the Morning Star or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is then followed by numerous events which led up to this battle. Connell chose this non-linear writing style in order to distribute the details he finds most fascinating and interesting to share with his audience. Using the conclusion of the battle as the introduction of the narrative creates a suspenseful tone. In the beginning of the story, the setting is the battle field which The Battle of the Little Bighorn had taken place a few days earlier. Lieutenant James Bradley has led his troops to the land where they discover the corpses of which they believe are General George Armstrong Custer’s troops. Custer himself was nowhere in sight. Even after a reward was offered upon his retrieval he could not be found. The deserted battle field raised questions and the men began to imagine what had happened days prior to their arrival. The author writes, â€Å"While discussing the day’s events around a campfire most infantrymen predicted more unpleasant news†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 3) The troops discovered a woman who was present during the battle and described to them what she had witnessed. The woman’s recollection of her experience opens up the story to a chronicle of the events which happened during the battle. The reader is given details regarding to Custer’s entrance and also each opponent’s fighting style: â€Å"Instead, Reno’s men dismounted and formed a skirmish line. Then they began to retreat. They ran very fast, she said, dropping guns and cartridges. She was disgusted by the conduct of these whites, saying they must have been seized with panic worse than that which seized her own people. † (pg. 7) As the plot approaches its conclusion, the reader is taken back to the aftermath of the battle and receives a tale told by a Cheyenne woman named Kate Bighead. She delivered a short story about the corpses she saw laying on the battlefield, one in particular she identified as General Custer: She said two Southern Cheyenne women were at the Little Bighorn and when the fighting ended they went to the battlefield. They saw Custer. They knew him well†¦they recognized him even though his hair was short and face was dirty. (pg. 422) Although the plot of this story does not have a chronological structure, it develops a more personal connection because the characters in the story are directly speaking to the audience as they give their personal accounts on the battle. For example, it had already been said that Reno was dead; however, an outburst made by Reno himself is mentioned shortly after. â€Å"The major was swigging at a flask when DeRudio splashed by. What are you trying to do? ’ Reno asked. ‘Drown me before I am killed? ’† (pg. 50) Evan S. Connell’s work, Son of the Morning Star is an extraordinary and captivating narrative. He has an acquiring mind and was not afraid to step away from the traditional form of writing. Behind the chaos there is meaning. The writing style presented in this story is untraditional which could possibly lose the attention of the reader; however, this was a valid decision. ? Based on its cover the reader might think that the entire story is about General Custer and his troops. Despite expectations, the audience actually catches a glimpse of both the lives of Custer as well as his opponents. The author gives the reader a little information on the background of Crazy Horse, formerly known as Curly. â€Å"Curly did not reveal this manifestation to anybody until he was sixteen and ready to become a warrior†¦Except for moccasins and breechcloth he rode naked. † (pg. 67) The author also gives the reader the opportunity to read a few journal entries about Crazy Horse. These entries come from the diary of Jesse Lee, â€Å"Saturday, Sept. th, 1877. Everything is quiet and I think will remain so. Crazy Horse’s body was brought to this agency and put on a little platform, Indian fashion, on the hill overlooking the post, not half a mile away. † (pg. 75) He also includes a background on Chief Gall as well, providing facts about his birthplace and family. For example, he writes, â€Å"He was not a hereditary chief. The family seems to have be en undistinguished, and because his father died at an early age the boy was regarded more with sympathy than respect. So it appears that not through any legacy did he become a chieftain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 376) Throughout the story, the audience develops an idea of the motives of the Native Americans during the battle. The reader becomes aware of what Sitting Bull was thinking: If Sitting Bull did indeed call off the attack it was not because of any affection for whites, who, he hated with abiding and impenetrable rancor, but because he understood how vindictive they could be. If all the soldiers were slaughtered the whites would insist upon another battle†¦ (pg. 6) The audience was not only given an idea of what they were thinking before the battle. The author also makes a point to include a song that the Indians wrote after they had defeated General Custer and his men, â€Å"At that time the Indians did not realized they had fought Custer†¦when they found out, they sang about him. David Humphreys Miller transcribed one such kill-song†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 54) With the erudition given in the story, the reader concludes that the Native American leaders were fully developed human beings. Connell includes information regarding Chief Crazy Horse’s smart battle technique. For example, there are quotations given from a journalist: At critical moments Crazy Horse would dismount before shooting: â€Å"He is the only Indian I ever knew who did that often†¦he didn’t like to start a battle unless he had it all planned out in his head and knew he was going to win. (pg. 63) Chief Gall was compared to other great leaders and his leadership skills are described by his people including Lieutenant Godfrey, â€Å"He perceived Gall as a man of tremendous character natural ability, and great common sense, a chief whose massive physiognomy reminded him of Daniel Webster. (pg. 375) The comments made about these two leaders in particular demonstrate their equality of humanity compared to Custer’s men. Not only does he give details about the lives of the Native Americans but Connell also gives insight on the lives of those who fought with General Custer. The reader is given an idea of the reputation and trial of Benteen. For example, â€Å"In this, that Major Frederick W. Benteen, Ninth Calvary when in command of the Post of Fort Du Chesne, Utah, was found drunk†¦Specifications 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th were identical, only the dates changed. (pg. 34) The reader also gathers information about Major Marcus Reno regarding his leadership and his behavior thus similar to that of Benteen’s. â€Å"Reno got demerits easily, almost deliberately†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 40) He also writes, â€Å"At least it failed to mollify the exasperated colonel because Reno found himself saddled with another charge†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 45) Although a great deal of this piece is devoted to the lives and motives of the Native Americans, the author also takes time to write about Custer’s men as well. Including battle experience as well as family history, Connell captures the importance of The Battle of the Little Bighorn. Throughout the non-linear story, the reader is taken back and forth between stories about Custer’s challengers and his troops. The author’s objectivity is apparent because the reader is given the opportunity to capture the battle from both perspectives. ? Before The Battle of the Little Bighorn, General Custer had celebrated many victories; however, this battle ended in tragedy. Unaware of what caused the downfall at Little Bighorn, many have speculated possible causes of Custer’s defeat. These possibilities include Custer’s sanity, his confidence and other stereotypes. In the story, Connell’s collection of stories told by Sioux woman and other survivors give the reader ideas of what might have been the cause of this disastrous downfall. When looking back on the battle a discussion between an Indian and General H. L. Scott reveals a possible cause of this defeat. For example, Connell writes: During subsequent conversations Feather Earring emphasized that if Custer had approached diplomatically the Indians would have gone back to the reservations†¦General Scott observed that such a method of dealing with the hostiles had not occurred to anybody. (pg. 414) Shortly after this discussion more information about Custer’s skewed communication with the Indians is unveiled. If this miscommunication had never occurred the battle would have been avoided altogether. A Sioux chief gives his recollection on the events occurring prior to the battle: He asked Custer to promise that he would not fight the Sioux. Custer promised†¦After we got through talking, he soon left the agency, and we soon heard that he was fighting the Indians and that he and all his men were killed. If Custer had given us time we would have gone out ahead of him, but he did not give us time. If we had gone out ahead of Custer he would not have lost himself not would his men have been killed. (pg. 415) The attack had been approved by his officers, however, there had been some objections. Some of his troops did not believe the plan was logical but Custer’s confidence does appear to take over his mentality. He ignores a suggestion made by Gibbon, â€Å"Custer, instead of proceeding at once into the valley of the Little Big Horn, even should the trail lead there, should continue on up the Rosebud, get closer to the mountains†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 255-256) Losing touch with reality Custer continues to explain his plan to attack, â€Å"the combined forces would count coup on Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Gall†¦and all the rest† (pg. 56) Custer’s plan includes a victory rather than an alternative in case of any misfortune, he left no room for the unexpected. Although Custer’s plan seemed a little unrealistic his stubbornness was not the only thing to lead to the downfall at Little Bighorn. Many troops give their comments regarding Major Reno’s choice of leadership, â€Å"several military analysts believe Reno should have stayed there ins tead of doing what he did. They point out that his battalion so near the village would have engaged a great many warriors, thus allowing Custer’s plan to unfold. † (pg. ) It is also mentioned that Reno had an altercation with one of the Indians which he encountered, â€Å"Reno misunderstood a figure of speech, taking I as an insult, and threatened to shoot High Bear-who responded by drawing a knife. Another scout, invoking Custer’s name, jumped between them and managed to prevent a bloody settlement. † (pg. 10) Not only was Reno’s lack of intuition a cause of defeat but it is also possible that his belligerent temperament lead to Custer’s labefaction. After analyzing the attitudes and actions of Custer and his troops, the reader can infer many causes that led to this disastrous defeat. Based on the strategic analysts’ comments, Reno could have used better instincts when leading his men into battle. It is possible that if the major would have had stronger intuition Custer’s men would not have suffered as much as they did. The reader can conclude that there was a sense of overconfidence made not only by Major Reno but Custer as well; however, if Custer had kept his promise to Sioux the entire battle could have been avoided. Custer and his five companies certainly underestimated their Native American opponents. How to cite Son of the Morning Star, Papers

Innovation

Question: Write an essay on Innovation. Answer: Introduction This research paper is primarily concerned with the innovation in the business organization. Innovation plays a significant role in every business organization. Innovation helps the organization to sustain its position in the global competitive market (Abramson and Littman, 2002). With the help of the innovative idea, the organization can able to gat enhance the profit percentage of the organization and this will ultimately helps to increase the GDP growth of the country. The revenue of the business organization facilitates the governing to increase the revenue of the company. Here in this report, the prime ministers Malcolm Turnbull of Australian Government have asked to prepare a report on the role of the innovative ideas in business organization. This report is first going to excavate the definition of innovation and the role of innovation in the society. In the later section of the report, the paper is going to determine the relationship between the ideas and innovation (Bessant, 2009). Before implementing any kind of strategies, the marketing manager of the organization has to understand whether the organization has capacity to handle innovative ideas or not. Development of innovative strategies is easy for the management of the organization but it is hard to implement correctly. Definition of innovation From the definition of innovation, readers can have brief idea about the innovation. Innovation is the sum up of the two terms one s invention and another is exploitation. Innovation is the new way of doing a certain thing. Often business organizations have imitated ideas from different organizations and management of the organization should put innovative touch in those ideas so that it seems real to them. The process of innovation is entirely related to firms position in competitive market (ÄŒeiÄ ytÄ—, 2015). The management of the organization has to undertake different strategic decision for retaining the position in the competitive market. With the help of the Portes Five Force Analysis, innovative ideas can be undertaken. On the other hand, management of the organization can take help of the PESTLE analysis to understand the position of the company in the global competitive market. Along with that, SWOT analysis helps to understand the current position of the company. Innovation means adoption of ideas, which are authentic and new for the business organization (Drucker, 2005). Innovation is known as the adoption capability of the organization in the changing economy or changing market. Innovation can be brought in several aspects of the organization like in the products, prices, processes and strategies (Gorman, 2007). According to the prime minister of Australia, it is said that primarily the innovation brought into the product and processes only but recently due to changing demand in the market, the marketing manager of the organization brings innovation in the business models also. Role of innovation in society Every business organization is the part of the society so business organization can be considered as the part of the society. Every business organization is customer oriented and customers are the significant part of the society. On the other hand, employees are the key stakeholder of the organization and they are the part of the society (Grandori, 2006). Therefore, it can be said that innovation in the business organization definitely affects the societal activities. Entrepreneurs are the engine of the business; a business organization must understand the worth of taking risks and play with the innovative ideas until then business organizations should adopt new strategies. Customers or service users are the part of the business firm and it is the sole responsibility of the management of the organization to understand the demand of the customers and try to fulfill their demand. From the survey, it can be understood that almost 90% of the business organization believes that innovation is the integral part of the organization and innovation is the priority for the business ideas. In case of the strategic planning, innovation is the significant issue (Hossain, 2015). Innovative ideas help to improve the economic scenario of the business and this ultimately beneficial for the economic condition of the country. With the help of the money, governing body of Australia can undertake several policies regarding the welfare of the society. Relationship between Ideas and Innovation Idea, innovation and creativity are three different words, business organizations often misinterpret these three terms. This paper is primarily concerned with the ideas and innovation. The management of the organization is entitled to make the ideas innovative and there is a pathway of giving innovative shape to the ideas (Innovation, 2001). Ideas cannot help to determine the competitive advantages of the organization rather it works on different aspects. Ideas can help to win the competitive advantages only when it is innovative. Managers have to follow the steps to turn the idea in an innovative one. For turning the idea into an innovative one, the management should work on the road mapping. Researcher should build knowledge and make road mapping. In the second step, feasibility of the ideas should be determined, later testing the ideas (Innovation, innovation, innovation, 2009). Third section is the testing of ideas, testing helps to prove that those ideas are beneficial for the growth of the organization and can be useful in practical implementation. After practical testing of the ideas only, it can be determined that the ideas are profitable for the organization or not. If the management of the organization finds that, the ideas are new and useful for the growth of the company in that case, those ideas can be recognized as the innovative one. After development of the innovative ideas, the firm should implement those strategies or ideas in the organizational process (Innovation-oriented projects, 2014). Th is process facilitates in improving the commercialization of the company on daily basis. With the help of the Cornings Five Step Model, the relationship between Ideas and innovation can be determined. Capacity of Australia regarding innovation Innovation capacity of Australia cannot be measured effectively; it is quite difficult for the researcher to understand the innovative capacity of Australia. From the economic perspective, Australia and Belgium are two countries. If it is judge from this respect then it can be considered that there are many industries in Belgium but Australia somehow lacks it (Kavic, 2006). From the perspective of industry, it can be seen that there are many companies in Belgium regarding Creativity but somehow there is no such company in Australia, which is particularly related to creativity. However, Australia is a technologically up-graded country so the company has scope to enhance their market in creative field (Morgenstern, 2007) Among the several other countries in the field of creativity, the most significant one is Electronics NV develops 3D rendering for computer games and Hollywood blockbusters. The organization is famous for its creative development in the sector of computer games. After surveying the market, it has been concluded that there are no such companies in Australia, which culture on development of 3D rendering. Australia has scope to develop their market but due to lack of innovative ideas, the management of the organization has showed no interest. Prime Minister has understood that the market for computer games is innovative and lucrative so it is necessary for the organization to invest a good amount of revenue in this field (Pinchot and Pellman, 2009). Benefit to business due to increased innovation Innovation has several benefits in the business organizations, It helps to maintain the trend and competition in the market. It is the duty of the management of the organization to understand the recent trend of the service users. changes in the trend of the customers, helps to set goals of the organization. On the other hand, innovative ideas help to maintain the competitiveness in the business organization. Competition among the organization helps to check the structure of the organization (Randall, 2005). Innovative helps to bring out most of everything. Australia is a developing country and the economic condition of Australia is fair enough. Even the governing body of Australia believes in free trade so the new business organization has no pressure in setting up the business. Innovation helps in generating good selling points Conclusion and Recommendation From the above discussion of the paper, it can be concluded that innovation is the inevitable part of every organization. The report also helps in determining that there are several reasons behind the determination of innovative ideas. Innovation has direct linked with the positive attitude of the organization. There are some recommendations for the organization regarding innovation and these recommendations help the organization to improve the capacity of the organization. The recommendations are: The leaders of the organization should motivate the employees so that they can increase the productivity of the organization. It is the sole responsibility of the management of the organization to allow the employees to take active part in the decision-making process of the organization (Usselman, 2002). Technological development has become the integrals part of the organization and bringing innovation should be technologically justified or technologically oriented. Training of the employees helps to bring out the innovative ideas. References 1000ventures.com. (2016).NPD best practices: Corning's 5 Steps Innovation Process - from Idea To Successful Commercial Product. [online] Available at: https://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/cs_npd_corning_5steps.html [Accessed 24 May 2016]. Abramson, M. and Littman, I. (2002).Innovation. Lanham, Md.: Rowman Littlefield. Bessant, J. (2009).Innovation. London: DK. ÄŒeiÄ ytÄ—, J. (2015). Responsible innovation.Journal of Responsible Innovation, 2(2), pp.237-241. Drucker, P. (2005).Innovation and entrepreneurship. New York: Harper Row. Gorman, T. (2007).Innovation. Avon, MA: Adams Media. Grandori, A. (2006). Innovation, Uncertainty and Relational Governance.Industry Innovation, 13(2), pp.127-133. Hossain, M. (2015). Adopting Open Innovation to Stimulate Frugal Innovation and Reverse Innovation.SSRN Electronic Journal. Innovation, innovation, innovation. (2009).Nature Materials, 8(1), pp.1-1. Innovation. (2001). Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Innovation-oriented projects. (2014).Science and innovation, 10(1), pp.69-81. Kavic, S. (2006). Innovation and the Surgical Trainee.Surgical Innovation, 13(4), pp.288-289. Morgenstern, L. (2007). Can We Afford Innovation?.Surgical Innovation, 14(2), pp.138-139. Pinchot, G. and Pellman, R. (2009).Intrapreneuring in action. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler. Randall, R. (2005).Innovation. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Usselman, S. (2002).Regulating railroad innovation. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

Panel Discussion free essay sample

To be honest, we felt a little disappointed when Ms. Jeanne Purpura told us minutes before our panel discussion that the projector was not available for use. In addition, we also sort of panicked because almost half of what we would deliver that day was only based and could only be delivered effectively by our powerpoint presentation. The graphs and statistics we have researched about were included in that visual aid; the audience might have enjoyed and understood the discussion more if the projector was functioning well. All the same, we still managed to get through. In fact, in my opinion, we have achieved our objective of informing the audience about mobile nuclear drive, its advantages, disadvantages and consequences to the health and welfare of the society. However, no panel discussion is perfect. In fact, no speech is flawless; everyone has his/her own strengths and weaknesses. And in this paper, I am going to discuss the strong and weak points of our panel discussion. We will write a custom essay sample on Panel Discussion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Let me begin with the â€Å"Speaker† aspects in the rubric for panel discussion. I admit that one of the weak spots of our group was the lack of enthusiasm in our facial expressions and voice projection. We, the panel members, also failed to establish rapport with one another. However, in my opinion, my groupmates and I tried our best to be as knowledgeable as possible with regards to our assigned topic. Without a doubt, I can tell that we looked prepared and credible, not just because we are engineering students and are expected to really have some grasp of these kind of topics but because we have really researched and internalized the issue in depth. We also wore appropriate formal attire and took our respective roles as different kinds of engineers seriously. As a result of these, we had some convincing power towards the audience that I felt their eagerness to listen and learn more about our subject matter. They even asked a handful of questions and this serves as proof that they were really into our discussion. On the other hand, I confess that the flow of our discussion was not that organized. The ideas did not come in a smooth flow and I think, this was one of the consequences of not having a visual aid. In effect, the panel discussion lacked spontaneity. However, we should have adjusted with regards to that aspect for the reason that technical difficulties are inevitable and a good speaker should have seen that and have prepared for that beforehand. In the rubric, we scored relatively high in the â€Å"Message Content† part. I think it is because our arguments are supported with adequate evidence and well–researched facts and information. We failed to cite our references though, for the reason that our list of references was embedded in our powerpoint presentation. Lastly, based on the feedback we have received from our blockmates, I believe that our group has answered the questions of the audience credibly and convincingly. Next aspect would be the organization. Thanks to our moderator, Mr. Doolittle, who started and ended our panel discussion with a bang. On the other side of the coin, we failed to use transitions and the details we discussed were not that logically organized, like what I said in one of the paragraphs above. In other words, a smooth flow of ideas was not observed. Apologies. In the aspect of transmission, we also scored relatively high. There was a varied intonation and a conversational tone while we delivered the information. There was also a controlled speed delivery; we went not too fast but not too slow. In simpler words, we went at a moderate pace, so as not to hurry or lose the eagerness of the audience. When it comes to nonverbal aspects of speech delivery, our group did not fail to apply what we have learned. I noticed some simple but effective gestures while watching our video. Even the effortless movements of hands while discussing could help in transmitting what we are trying to express or say. Our group also explained the technicalities and the mechanics of nuclear power in layman’s terms so as to be understood by our blockmates who are not that familiar with our subject matter. For this reason, I think it is valid to say that we used clear language to benefit everyone. Still, we fell trap to using fillers like uhm’s and ah’s and unavoidable pauses. Sorry for those. On the bright side, there was no code-switching in our discussion. In linguistics,  code-switching  is the switching between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation. In our discussion, we really tried our very best to explain the topic to our audience through he use of only one language, English. This is for the reason that English will be used when we communicate with our fellow engineers and with other professionals less than five years from now. Last would be the audience rapport. At the beginning of the discussion, our moderator formally acknowledged the presence of the audience, especially of Ms. Jeanne. Also, our group made it a point to include audience participation in our discussion. In truth, according to them, we have addressed and answered their questions and clarifications properly. Also, a big â€Å"thank you† to our moderator, Mr. Doolittle, who did well in maintaining the balance of our discussion and for adding some humor when the topic becomes serious and very technical; without him, the audience might have been bored with the endless scientific terms being bombarded to them. With this, the audience paid attention and rapport with them was established. What’s more, the fact that our topic, Mobile Nuclear Drive, was new, interesting, appealing and environment-related adds to the list of our strengths of our panel discussion. Conversely, one weak point in this aspect would be the failure of establishing and maintaining eye contact with the audience. To sum up, for the reason that we received more good comments than bad ones from our blockmates, I can say that our panel discussion was not much of a disaster even though we did not have a powerpoint presentation to aid us. Just like the previous activity, the Informative Speech, I also learned lots of lessons in this Panel Discussion activity. First, be prepared just in case a technical difficulty comes in and ruins your original plan. Always have plan B. Second, rapport is very essential when it comes to almost everything. But to be specific, audience rapport in speeches is a â€Å"must† because without it, your whole speech would be wasted because no one will listen to you. Third, know your topic from the heart. Who knows? You could be asked with heaps of questions and you should be able to answer if not all, most of them. Plus, five years from now, we might be working in a company and when it comes to project or business proposals, we should master every detail, may it be big or small, so as to gain the credibility and trust of other, even higher professionals. Lastly, there must be a logical organization of the details or the parts of your speech so as not to confuse your audience and for them to continue listening with eagerness and full attention.

Definition and Examples of Irregular Verbs

Definition and Examples of Irregular Verbs In English grammar, an irregular verb is a  verb that does not follow the usual rules for verb forms. Also known as a strong verb. Verbs in English are irregular if they dont have the  conventional -ed ending (such as asked or ended) in the past tense and/or past participle forms. Contrast with Regular Verb. According to the  Longman Student Grammar (2002), the nine most common  lexical verbs  in English are all irregular:  say, get, go, know, think, see, make, come, and  take. Pronunciation i-REG-u-lur verb Exercises Exercise in Using the Correct Forms of Irregular VerbsPractice in Using the Past Forms of Regular and Irregular VerbsProofreading for Tense Errors Examples and Observations The bridge they built brought traffic in both directions.Water slopping from the buckets froze on the feet as it fell.(Sheila Watson, Deep Hollow Creek. McClelland Stewart, 1992)The shoes the slaves bought generally cost between $1.50 and $2.00.(Ted Ownby, American Dreams in Mississippi. University of North Carolina Press, 1999)He said Roadmap Jenkins got the good loops because he knew the yardage and read the break better than anyone else.(Bo Links, Riverbank Tweed and Roadmap Jenkins. Simon Schuster, 2001)Hearts were trumps. I stood, and made three to his nothing. I dealt; he begged; I gave him one, and made three more.(George H. Devol, Forty Years a Gambler on the Mississippi, 1887)It was true, thought Miss Taylor, that the young nurses were less jolly since Sister Burstead had taken over the ward.(Muriel Spark, Memento Mori, 1959) 180 Cussed Exceptions At first glance irregular verbs would seem to have no reason to live. Why should language have forms that are just cussed exceptions to a rule?..Irregular forms are just words. If our language faculty has a knack for memorizing words, it should have no inhibitions about memorizing past-tense forms at the same time. These are the verbs we call irregular, and they are a mere 180 additions to a mental lexicon that already numbers in the tens or hundreds of thousands. (Steven Pinker, Words and Rules. Basic, 1999) The Origin of Irregular Verbs [I]rregular verbs . . . derive from the Old English period. At that time they were called strong and weak verbs respectively. Strong verbs formed their past tense and past participle with an ablaut or vowel gradation (a means of marking different functions of a word by varying the vowel sound in its base). Weak verbs formed their past tense and past participle with an inflectional suffix, that is, a {-d} or {-t} suffix. With the loss of inflections during the Middle English period, all new verbs took on the weak verb formation with an {-ed} or {-t} in past forms. This weak formation soon became the norm for what we now refer to as English regular verbs; strong verbs became irregular verbs(Bernard ODwyer, Modern English Structures, 2nd ed. Broadview Press, 2006)modern English there are roughly half that number, in classes which overlap and have deviant internal groups, and in addition, a number of weak verbs have joined the class of irregular verbs. The Comprehensive Grammar of Englis h (1985) presents seven classes of irregular verbs, five of them with subgroups. The total membership of the modern irregular verb system is a question of criteria, depending on whether you include i) verbs which are conjugated both regularly and irregularly ii) verbs which are prefixed or compounded forms of monomorphemic irregular verbs iii) verbs which fall into the category of old-fashioned or archaic English To provide maximum help- and to avoid prejudging such issues- the Comprehensive Grammar (QGLS) presents a list of 267 irregular verbs, but it shrinks to about 150 if you apply all three criteria just mentioned. (Pam Peters, American and British Influence in Australian Verb Morphology. Creating and Using English Language Corpora, ed. by Udo Fries et al. Rodopi, 1994) The Future of Irregular Verbs Do irregular verbs have a future? At first glance, the prospects do not seem good. Old English had more than twice as many irregular verbs as we do today. As some of the verbs became less common, like cleave-clove, abide-abode, and geld-gelt, children failed to memorize their irregular forms and applied the -ed rule instead (just as today children are apt to say winded and speaked). The irregular forms were doomed for these childrens children and for all subsequent generations (though some of the dead irregulars have left souvenirs among the English adjectives, like cloven, cleft, shod, gilt, and pent).Not only is the irregular class losing members by emigration, it is not gaining new ones by immigration. When new verbs enter English via onomatopoeia (to ding, to ping), borrowings from other languages (deride and succumb from Latin), and conversions from nouns (fly out), the regular rule has first dibs on them. The language ends up with dinged, pinged, derided, succumbed, and flied o ut, not dang, pang, derode, succame, or flew out. But many of the irregulars can sleep securely, for they have two things on their side. One is their sheer frequency in the language. The ten commonest verbs in English (be, have, do, say, make, go, take, come, see, and get) are all irregular, and about 70% of the time we use a verb, it is an irregular verb. And children have a wondrous capacity for memorizing words; they pick up a new one every two hours, accumulating 60,000 by high school. Eighty irregulars are common enough that children use them before they learn to read, and I predict they will stay in the language indefinitely. (Steven Pinker, quoted by Lewis Burke Frumkes in Favorite Words of Famous People. Marion Street Press, 2011) A New Strong Verb in English The magazine Ozwords published by the Australian National Dictionary Centre has confirmed something that Ive suspected for some time- snuck as the past tense of sneak is now more usual than sneaked. . . . It is always good news to hear of a successful new strong verb in English!..Fewer than 60 of the original 350 strong verbs remain- and even this very small number includes many rather dodgy ones like glide/glode, beseech/besaught, cleave/cleft/cloven, beget/begat/begotten, chide/chid/chidden, slay/slew/slain and smite/smote/smitten. Hardly part of a Modern English speakers active vocabulary! So you can see that a new strong verb like sneak/snuck is a cause for celebration- that is, if you are worried about the extinction of forms like glide/glode. (Kate Burridge, Gift of the Gob: Morsels of English Language History. HarperCollins Australia, 2011) The Lighter Side of Irregular Verbs A boy who swims may say he swum, But milk is skimmed and seldom skum, And nails you trim; they are not trum.   When words you speak, these words are spoken, But a nose is tweaked and cant be twoken. And what you seek is seldom soken. If we forget, then weve forgotten, But things we wet are never wotten, And houses let cannot be lotten. The things one sells are always sold, But fog dispelled are not dispold, And what you smell is never smold. When young, a top you oft saw spun, But did you see a grin ever grun, Or a potato neatly skun? (anonymous, Variable Verbs or Verbs Is Funny) Also See Introduction to Irregular VerbsPrincipal Parts of Irregular VerbsWhats the Difference Between a Weak Verb and a Strong Verb?

Oligarchy + Monopoly ≠Oligopoly

Oligarchy + Monopoly ≠  Oligopoly Oligarchy + Monopoly ≠  Oligopoly Oligarchy + Monopoly ≠  Oligopoly By Maeve Maddox Ive long been aware of the words oligarchy and monopoly, but Ive only just discovered the word oligopoly. The word oligarchy describes a type of government: government by the few. from oligoi few, small, little plus arkhein to rule. The word monopoly describes a type of market paradigm: exclusive control of a commodity or trade, from monos single, alone + polein to sell. The word oligopoly, like monopoly, is a term used in economics: oligopoly [(Ã… lÄ ­-gÃ… pÉ™-lÄ“] a market situation in which each of a limited number of producers is strong enough to influence the market but not strong enough to disregard the reaction of his competitors Here it is in some headlines: Nonlinear pricing in an oligopoly market: the case of specialty coffeeRAND Journal of Economics Market Economy or Oligopoly-Finance Capitalism? Monthly Review, Senegal, Africa An oligopoly model of commercial fishingSeoul Journal of Economics Oracle president backpedals on oligopoly report CNET News Theres also a word for a market situation in which two competing sellers hold the controlling power of determining the amount and price of a product or service offered to a large number of buyers: duopoly. Monopoly, duopoly and oligopoly, which refer to the control exercised by sellers, have these corresponding forms to describe the role of buyers: monopsony a market situation in which there is a single buyer for a given product or service from a large number of sellers duopsony a market situation in which two rival buyers hold the controlling power of determining the demand for a product or service from a large number of sellers oligopsony a market situation in which each of a limited number of buyers is strong enough to influence the market but not strong enough to ignore the reaction to such influence by his competitors The suffix opsony in these words derives from Greek opsonia, purchase of victuals, catering. I dont know where youll find a use for these words, but I think theyre cool. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 "Home" Idioms and Expressions20 Words Meaning "Being or Existing in the Past"Passed vs Past

Adopting Lean Manufacturing System and Six Sigma Quality System Dissertation

Adopting Lean Manufacturing System and Six Sigma Quality System - Dissertation Example This dissertation demonstrate that management systems are very important to any company as it enables a firm to get better the quality of service and performance delivered. Continuous development programs go through constant adaptation and modification, which is dependent on the need to improve a firm's overall performance. A variety of methodologies and techniques have been initiated, most of which are usually used in private organizations. Such processes can be properly handled through the help of methodical systems or approaches that are considered to progress a company's processes. Two of the most popular and high-effective approaches are the Lean Manufacturing System and the Six Sigma Quality Management System. Both can actually be applied at the same instance, though implementing these methodologies entail a series of modifications that can be difficult for a company. Lean Six Sigma is a combination of Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma Productions. These two well-known approaches have been extensively used separately by several companies, but the integration of both present few published literature. ‘Adopting Lean Manufacturing System and Six Sigma Quality System’ has been conducted to analyze and evaluate the definition and implementation of Lean and Six Sigma in a manufacturing company. In evaluating both methods, the author demonstrate that Lean and Six Sigma have its similarities and differences, though the objective for both systems is to improve a firm's quality and performance rate. ... Continuous development projects and practices would generate a higher degree of success rate through Lean's waste reduction principle and Six Sigma's defects elimination principle. Glossary DMADV - A Six Sigma process that involves the following elements: Define, Measure, Analyse, Design, and Verify. DMAIC - A Six Sigma process that involves the following elements: Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, and Control. Flow - The sequential processes of an operation within a firm. Lean - A quality management system that focuses on the elimination of waste to increase value for continuous development. Sigma units - Measurement units or metrics that are used to assess quality and performance. Six Sigma - A strategic management system that evaluates and monitors sigma measurement units to reduce variation and attain company objectives through Six Sigma methodologies applicable to the conditions. Value - A product or service that customers purchase. Waste - Variables in the organization process es that increases the costs spent by the company that does not generate value. 1. Research Question â€Å"Recent high profile failures such as Toyota’s Brake fiasco have highlighted the need for more robust quality management systems and improved production tools in large organisations. From the perspective of an operations manager in a large manufacturing firm, present a case to the board of directors for adoption of Lean Production Systems and 6 Sigma Quality Management System.† 1.1. Project Aim This research aims to critically evaluate and present a business case for implementing Lean Production and Six Sigma systems into an organisation. 1.2. Project Objectives A. To critically evaluate the Lean Production and Six Sigma Quality

Corporate responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Corporate responsibility - Essay Example The chief business drivers are: It is turning obvious that leading companies of the future will have tasks and plans to continually enhance shareholder worth but as an essential part of those policies will also identify and proceed upon the latent for: Companies do not recompense the full costs of their impact. For example the costs of cleaning pollution frequently fall on society in common. As a result profits of corporations are improved at the cost of environmental or social welfare. Whilst directives are required in certain conditions, over regulation creates blockades to access into a market. These barriers raise the opportunities for surplus profits, to the delight of the market contributors, but do little to serve the interests of people as a whole. One of the outstanding improvements in the vicinity of business through the past thirty years is the rise to eminence of corporate responsibility. ... In order to draw quality workers, it is crucial for companies to propose better pay and conditions which directs to an overall augment in standards and to prosperity creation. Investment in less developed countries adds to the wellbeing of those societies, despite that these countries have fewer protections in place for workers. Whilst directives are required in certain conditions, over regulation creates blockades to access into a market. These barriers raise the opportunities for surplus profits, to the delight of the market contributors, but do little to serve the interests of people as a whole.Emergence of Corporate Responsibility (CR) One of the outstanding improvements in the vicinity of business through the past thirty years is the rise to eminence of corporate responsibility. Corporate responsibility (CR) has appeared as the leading metaphorical casing for the legitimating contemporary capitalism. While supporting the quest of profits for shareholders / owners, CR pressurizes the answerability of corporations towards a wider network of stakeholders, and for communal and ecological outcomes more normally. Consequently, CR sets a larger outlook of self-interest than is ordered by free-market convention. Rhetorically, CR appeals to defenders and to critics of the worldwide socioeconomic status quo. CR is potentially a hegemonic idea because it accomplishes significant practical necessities of universal capitalism, while being acquiescent enough to lodge critics of the status quo too. In either case, CR is neither monolithic nor evenly distributed. There is considerable disparity in the excellence and extent of CR participation, as well as in the time of CR commencement in different authorities. By 'corporate responsibility'

Power and Inequality in a Cultural and Linguistic Anthropolistic View Essay Example for Free

Power and Inequality in a Cultural and Linguistic Anthropolistic View Essay Centuries have passed and the different relationships of power and inequality are still present. Power and inequality have always been an issue and a topic of discussion among many different people in different cultures. Although much has changed throughout history, the struggle between power and inequality is still inevitable. There are many different types of power and inequalities ranging from gender to race and culture. Anthropologists can investigate issues surrounding power and inequality by submerging into different cultures and studying how power and inequality play a role in their society. Power and inequality still play a role in modern human cultures as seen by different struggles of cultures as well as the differentiation of linguistics. Cultural anthropologists can investigate issues surrounding power and inequality in modern human populations as they immerse themselves into understanding the different circumstances of different cultures of today and of the past as well. Throughout the years, there has been a struggle of power and inequality between many, including gender and race. Gender has been an issue in many different cultures, and continues to be a struggle even today. In the past, gender issues have resulted in many problems. For example, after China passed the one child law, many parents wanted to have sons rather than daughters because of the thought that sons were more worthy. This however, has resulted in an imbalance of the male and female ratio as it has reached 144:100, in the rural areas of China (Peters-Golden, 2012). In modern society, it is evident that in most cultures, the male is still the dominant gender. In some cultures, including some in the Middle East, women are looked down upon, mistreated and are not treated as equals. Even in the modern Western culture, there is still evidence that the women are at a disadvantage compared to the men (Feminist Economics, 2003). Along with gender, race has also been a reoccurring issue of as well. Previously, the Western worlds perceived themselves as having more power and were more superior to any other culture. Culture today, according to cultural anthropologists, is learned and is subject to modification meaning that the modern population can adapt to new races and cultures as well as their own. Different societies should be subject to his or her own culture rather than perceiving that one race or culture as superior to any other. Cultural anthropologists believe that â€Å"how people have been accepted and treated of a given society of culture has a direct impact on how they perform in that society† (American Anthropology Association, 1998). Thus concluding that not everybody can see themselves as superior, as it affects the society as a whole as well. The United States is an example of many different cultural prejudices, and its affects are apparent in their everyday lives including the media. Cultural anthropologists have been studying different cultures of the world, and many of them have different opinions of power and inequality as can be seen by the ways the cultures interact. In the modern world, there are many pieces of evidence that power and inequality are still present and is still an issue in modern human populations. Power and inequality have much to do with cultural studies, but can also be interpreted in a linguistic anthropological view as well. Linguistic anthropology studies how language influences social society in cultures. Although not necessarily seen as inequality, many different languages have different words categorising between gender, age, and status among others. Linguistics is also an important part of cultural anthropology as well. In many different languages, the use of words reflects the cultures status on both power and inequality (University of Washington, 2004). For example, in many languages, including French, Spanish, and Persian, noun classification is sorted by gender. In Thai, there are around 13 ways to say the pronoun â€Å"I† each one used in different circumstances, depending on who and what is being said. In both cases, the use of language is separated by power and could be thought of as a social inequality because different people are referred to by their gender or social status. As well as words that play a role in cultures, the different languages does as well. According to Mary Bucholtz and Kira Hall (1995), linguistic anthropologists, they say that power is linked with markedness. Markedness is a process where â€Å"some social categories gain a special, default status that contrasts with the identities of other groups, which are usually highly recognisable† and is evident in some countries (Bucholtz Hall, 1995, p. 372). An example of this is in Zambia, a country that speaks a total of 73 languages, however, only around 7 are considered the ‘dominant’ language as they are positioned above the others, while English is the official language that is unmarked, and considered to be the most important (Spitulnik, 1998). Linguistic anthropology is an important part when studying the different power and inequalities of cultures. Linguistics can show how cultures can interact by languages and determine who is ‘dominant’ or can differentiate people by status or gender. In modern human populations, the existence of power and inequality is still present. Anthropologists, both linguistic and cultural, investigate the presence in struggle of balancing power and inequality. Different times represent different mindsets, however, both power and inequality have been present for basically all of human existence. Prejudice is inevitable in both the past and current human population, ranging from race, gender, different individuals, and cultures, among others. Anthropologists can investigate issues surrounding power and inequality by submerging into different cultures and studying how power and inequality play a role in their society. Studying the language of other cultures by linguistic anthropologists can also determine many aspects of power and inequality in not only the different cultures of today, but also of the past as well.

All Quiet On The Western Front - Film Versus Novel Essay -- Erich Maria

â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, published in 1928 about Paul Baumer, a 19 year old student, who is persuaded by his schoolmaster to join the Imperial German Army. He goes to the western front where he and his comrades witnesses the horror and brutality of war through a series of deadly, meaningless battles that left an entire generation traumatized. The book was adapted to a movie in 1930 as well as 1979. Having recently viewed the latter, I would strongly recommend that anyone read the novel rather than watch the 1979 film. To clarify, I am not immediately against a film remake just because it is not the original; at times it is interesting to see how a book is interpreted, however books are often difficult to make into a film and unfortunately, â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† was no exception. Not only was the film an poor adaptation, but it also was not visually appealing, the acting was somewhat poor, the wrong parts were emphasized and the atmosphere of the movie was inferior to that of the novel. When any book is made into a movie, one of the most difficult tasks is interpreting the visual aspects, and viewers are often disappointed by the result as it is not how they imagined it while reading the book. While the â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† novel was limited only by the reader's imagination, The movie's action scenes were anything but realistic and the special effects did not stand the test of time as modern films contain much more sophisticated special effects... While movies should never be judged by special effects alone, the film was certainly not enhanced by them. In fact modern audiences might even consider the effects as humorous which was certainly not the intention. Mo... ...the 1979 film adaptation of â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† failed to live up to the novel. Because it was made in the 1970's, the special effects were unrealistic and inferior to what one pictured while reading the novel. Compared to the novel, the film was also practically censored in terms of how graphic it was. Remarque intentionally made the novel graphic in order to present the anti-war theme, therefore the effectiveness of the film was diminished. The acting in the film was also mediocre and disappointing, and the cast was not well chosen. The trenches in the movie were also slightly softened from how they were described in the novel. Paul Baumer's thoughts and feelings were also not presented as well as they were in the novel. Ultimately, the novel was much more effective at delivering its anti war message, and telling the story. I is not happy. Penispuffer.

The Role of Climate Change on Our Nation’s Infrastructure System

The Role of Climate Change on Our Nation’s Infrastructure SystemIntroduction: Infrastructure plays a critical function in everybody’s day-to-day life, but most people don’t recognize merely how extended that function truly is. Whether it’s going from one topographic point to another, utilizing power, imbibing tap H2O, or blushing a lavatory substructure helps us populate our lives to the criterion that we have become used to and maintain our economic system traveling. There are many factors that need to be considered when measuring the current and future province of substructure wellness. One factor is the consequence of a altering clime, but it is hard to gauge merely how it will impact our substructure system since its hereafter impacts can merely be loosely anticipated. In this paper I will look into the function substructure plays in the aiding and deterring of clime alteration, the current and future province of our substructure and how climate alteration can impact it, and possible solutions through invention in policy and support to assist minimise the effects. History of Support: Ever since President Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal-Aid Road Act in 1916, the nature and extent of the federal authorities in the edifice, maintaining, and support of the corporate states surface substructure system has been broad ranging. The 1916 act launched the Federal-Aid Highway Program, every bit good as presenting the States with grants to assist in the building of roads that would be used in mail bringing. The mandate of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways and the creative activity of the Federal Highway Trust Fund in 1956 marked a dramatic heightening of the Federal governments’ impact in the creative activity of the nation’s roadways by making the model for a national route system and a support system for roads to be created [ 1 ] . The basic construction for federal support of substructure was set up so that federal financess could be granted to the States by undertakings submitted for blessing, and so if the programs were approved for the financess they would have a part of cost, and the remainder of the support is required by the State and local authoritiess that need the undertaking completed [ 2 ] . Since so most federal support has been granted though extensions of old Acts of the Apostless and the procedure of how assistance is given has remained largely unchanged over this clip. A cardinal ground for the age of many substructure systems is due to the aggressive disbursement on substructure that was initialized in the late 1930’s through the early 1940’s by President Roosevelt, normally referred to as the New Deal Programs, which used big sums of federal financess to make the footing of many of our roadway and electrical systems. Much of the substructure built during this clip has non been undated since it was originally built. The sum of support for substructure has varied over clip but it has been at a degree under what it needed to be at to supply a strong and efficient system. Through history there has been a spread between what was needed for substructure and what was really spent. On mean merely about 2.4 % of our GDP is spent on substructure in America. To compare, Europe spends about 5 % and China spends about 9 % of their GPD on their substructure. This deficiency of disbursement and development in substructure has led to our current ranking of 15Thursday, out of the 32 OECD states, in footings of our overall satisfaction of our roads and main roads [ 2 ] . Current province of Infrastructure: The systems of substructure in America are presently in one of the poorest provinces in the country’s history. The American Society of Civil Engineers ( ASCE ) release a study card rating at least 12 of the country’s substructure systems every four old ages traveling back to 1998, in that clip they have released 5 study cards with the most recent being in 2013. The overall GPA of our country’s substructure has been given a class of D three times and a D+ two times, with the 2013 study card giving a D+ . A hapless and inefficient substructure system is non merely insecure, but it besides exacerbates fuel and energy ingestion, creates extra injury to the environment through pollution and taint, and besides wastes people’s clip and money. ASCE estimates that the sum of support needed to increase each class to a class of a B, considered to be in a ‘good’ province, by 2020 is $ 3.6 trillion. However, the estimated support by 2020 for all the classs is estimated to be merely about $ 2 trillion, go forthing a $ 1.6 trillion support spread which will surly take to an substructure province that is at a comparable degree that we see now [ 3 ] . With an expected substructure province to stay in hapless conditions, an added challenge in the appraisal of future impacts by clime alteration on substructure arise when finding how pieces and parts that are already stressed and aged will react to climate alteration. We can analyze how new parts will respond by preforming trial in labs to imitate clime alteration effects on them to see how the rates of impairment could perchance play out over clip, but seeking to detect how fast the altering rates of parts that have been used over the past decennaries is difficult to precisely quantify. Infrastructure and Climate Change: Infrastructure plays a big function in our nursery gas emanations and depending on the conditions of the system it can either assist us in the chase of diminishing emanations or it can be an added releaser of emanations. Many of the solutions to the jobs in our substructure system besides have the potency to assist out other jobs in the system every bit good as to assist diminish our usage of fossil fuels. An efficient transit substructure system is critical to assist swerve our oil use, co2 emanations, and increase productiveness. Traffic congestion on roads consequences in 1.9 billion gallons of gasolene to be burned per twelvemonth, and the costs to drivers is over $ 100 billion in wasted fuel and lost clip. A new and efficient air traffic control systems we would salvage around 3 billion gallons of jet fuel a twelvemonth from being wasted [ 1 ] . On the other manus if we increase people’s ability to use public transit and mass transit services the positive effects could ru ffle through many countries of transit and public wellness. Increased usage of public and aggregate transit would assist to maintain autos off the route, particularly during peak transposing times. This would hold the consequence of non merely cut downing traffic conditions, which would assist to relieve some of the otiose gasolene that’s burned while waiting in traffic, but to besides halt the combustion of gasolene by all the people who normally drive a auto. With less people really on the roads, the conditions of the roadways will be maintained for a longer clip, which once more has the consequence of cut downing traffic and wasted gas burned while waiting in traffic. Plus, taking more autos off the route during the early hours should assist to cut down the sum of smog formation in some high-dense metropoliss. Most of the effects of clime alteration will hold some impacts on different countries of the substructure system. A big factor to the substructure system is the addition in big precipitation events, an addition in planetary sea degrees, and the addition in utmost conditions events [ 4 ] . With increasing events of big precipitation our dikes, imbibing and waste H2O systems, and levees will all be subjected to new stressors that can worsen the procedure of early weakness and pre-mature impairment [ 5 ] . Sing the mean age of all the states dams to be 52 old ages old, and that approximately 17 % of them are considered high risky, the emphasis from the addition of flows coming in from affiliated H2O ways added to the addition of heavy deposits that big precipitation events bring into the H2O system which hurt the overall wellness of a dike, their length of service is expected to diminish. The imbibing and waste H2O systems is expected to endure from many of the same emphasis as dike wil l, except the excess H2O will besides be coming from our sewerage system so that big urban countries will see big impacts from the high sum of paving that helps funnel excess sums of H2O into the system. Large sums of precipitation and the addition of the sea degree will stretch our levee system with added stressors that can give a possible harmful failure that could be every bit annihilating as a dam failure. Both dikes and levees hold back H2O that could potentially deluge most of the coastal and low lying countries. Extreme conditions events are the chief causes for many of the energy grid power breaks. Breaks can be caused from knocked over tree limbs on power lines, implosion therapy of transmittal Stationss, to the devastation of grapevine subdivisions [ 3 ] . In America, our substructure is presently in an abysmal province, and with support for the hereafter projected to hardly cover half of what it will take to convey it into a good province it is safe to state that it will go on to let down. Decision and How to Continue: The chief stressors associated with substructure development are from the continual lacking of support and an overall absence of a big scale leading function in footings of establishing when and what undertakings are taken on so to most expeditiously finish staying undertakings so that their benefits will assist other unfinished undertakings or won’t be negated because of unfinished undertakings. All of the systems of substructure are connected ; the quality of H2O downstream of a river is effected by the quality that has been put out upstream and if a main road outside a metropolis has awful route conditions people and concern are less likely to go and devour in that metropolis even if the city’s roads have all merely been repaved. With this in head, the manner we choose the following set of undertakings to undergo demand to be picked with careful consideration to how its betterments will impact other undertakings still necessitating completed. The ability to implement this sort of planning is presently really hard though, because support is progressively being moved from big supervising body’s to smaller and smaller 1s. Federal support for substructure investings have been continuously shriveling over the past twosome decennaries which has led to the States, and progressively even more so the local and municipality authoritiess that are forced to come up with the support spread. With a lessening in centralisation of undertaking planning, along with an addition of undertakings that have to be delayed due to miss of financess that need to come from the fighting provinces budgets or till adequate financess can be raised by a local or municipality authorities, the ability now to integrate a program for phasing in different undertakings is acquiring progressively harder. When be aftering the range and particulars of a given undertaking factors such as sustainability, resilience, and the continual care and up-keep demand to be primary for any planning of substructure. The transit systems, H2O intervention systems, and flood control systems being built today must be able to account for both current and future challenges that are likely to be confronting them. Infrastructure needs to be built with future population motion in head as good, so when new systems are built or betterments are made to the bing substructure it needs to be able to manage tonss much greater than what it presently needed or a design for a system needs to be scaled so it’s merely responsible for a smaller population denseness. In add-on, funding for research and development at all degrees need to be implemented so the development of new and of all time more efficient methods and stuffs for the edifice and maintaining of substructure can go on. Future development besides needs to let for easier and cheaper betterments and ascents over the clip of its usage. Future care can be done more easy if they are built to let replacing over different clip intervals so that when it comes clip for the necessary betterments to be made it doesn’t demand to be all at the same clip. While funding demands to be increased from both private and public sectors, the users of the substructure demand to larn and besides pay the appropriate monetary value for them to utilize it. Mentions [ 1 ] ( 2012 ) â€Å"Highway Funding.† Congressional Digest. Volume 91, Issue 7, pp. 194, 195, 224. [ 2 ] ( 2012 ) â€Å"Surface Transportation Policy.† Congressional Digest. Volume 91, Issue 7, pp. 196-199. [ 3 ] ( 2013 ) â€Å"2013 Report Card for America’s Infrastructure.† [ 4 ] IPCC, 2007: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working. Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. new wave der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 7-22. [ 5 ] Hall, David. â€Å" Corps of Engineers ‘ Studies Will Inform Response to Climate Change. †Civil EngineeringJuly-Aug. 2013: 20-23. Print [ 6 ] IPCC, 2007: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007: Extenuation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment. Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [ B. Metz, O.R. Davidson, P.R. Bosch, R. Dave, L.A. Meyer ( explosive detection systems ) ] , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [ 7 ] IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [ Stocker, T.F. , D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley ( eds. ) ] . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [ 8 ] ( 2011 ) â€Å"Failure to Act: The Impact of Current Infrastructure Investment On America’s Economic Future.†

Different Types Of Abuse Essay

Indicators of abuse. Factors that may lead to abuse. Physical: To cause physical pain and injury to another person, making them physically suffer from harm. Signs for physical abuse would be quite easy to spot as you can look for marks on people such as bruising, bite marks, burn marks or even fractures. Another indicator could be that the marks on their body are repetitive say for example they have bruising on their body and then a couple of weeks later they have more bruises on their body, this could be an indicator for physical abuse. Behavioural indicators could be that they cannot remember how the injuries occurred and makes up an excuse. They could also flinch if someone approached them unexpectedly. Poor memory and concentration levels could be a behavioural sign. Factors that could lead to physical abuse being an issue could be from care givers that have inability to cope with stress on adults and their behaviours, they could themselves suffer with depression which is a common thing amongst care givers and then they could take their depr ession and anger out on adults who are vulnerable, lack of support from other care workers could lead to physical abuse. Lack of staff training could be the factor that leads to physical abuse. Sexual: any sort of non-consensual contact, touching vulnerable people in not appropriate areas and without their consent. Possible indicators for sexual abuse could be loss of sleep. Also bruising or soreness around the genitals, there could be indicators of torn, stained or blood in the underwear and there could be possible signs of sexually transmitted diseases in some cases. Even pregnancy could be an indicator to sexual abuse. Behavioural indicators could be flinching or not wanting to do personal care. There could be extreme changes in behaviour, bed wetting or frequent bathing to try and remove stains or to try and make themselves feel cleaner. Another indicator could be refusal to disrobe clothes for bedtime or showers whilst in front of people they would normally trust and who they are familiar with. Risk factors that could lead to sexual abuse could be things such as alcohol or drug use as the person g iving the abuse would not know what they are doing as the drugs and alcohol in their body would be controlling them in a way which could lead to sexual abuse. Coercive sexual fantasies of a staff member or even friend or family in some cases, which  could lead to the abuse. Impulsive and antisocial tendencies, preference for impersonal sex, there could be a childhood history of sexual and physical abuse and then they may want to push that onto someone else or could have been witnessed family violence as a child and may think it is acceptable to do certain things. Emotional: Any act including confinement, isolation, humiliation, intimidation or treatment when diminishes a sense of somebody’s identity and dignity. Possible indicators of emotional abuse could be bedwetting or diarrhoea, frequent headaches, nausea, abdominal pains. Behavioural indicators would be something like mental or emotional development lags, poor relationships with people. Runaway attempts, complains of social isolation or severe depression that could be suicidal. Factors that could lead to emotional abuse from someone who has a low self-esteem themselves and w ould like to emotionally beat someone down to make themselves feel better, or the person giving the abuse could have suffered from emotional abuse in their childhood and feel that they got treated a certain way so they want to pass this on to someone else. Factors could also lead to a group of staff members for example and they are all emotionally abusing a service user which they could find amusing but it is actually classed as abuse. Neglect: a passive form of abuse which is leaving the victim who maybe is unable to care for himself or herself but cannot provide care for themselves. You could see neglect by having poor physical conditions, bed sores. The carers normally don’t take care of the service user. Inadequate food supply or water that is not available. Skin rashes related to the bedding being unchanged and urine soaked in the bed. Inadequate living conditions, no toilet or commode. Behavioural indicators could be fear or withdrawal, depression, implausible stories, anger, denial and anxiety. Reasons someone could suffer from neglect could be things such as ignorance or denial that an adult needs as much care as they do. The abuse can be intentional or unintentional. The person in charge of care could have mental health problems or problems from their home life and take this into work and not be interested in caring for adult and therefore neglecting them and their needs. Exploitation/financial: Telling someone what they can and cannot buy or making them share control of their bank account and the person does not have control over their money. Signs of financial abuse could be if a person who had a disability is accompanied by  family or a staff member who appear to pressure the individual to make a transaction. People accompanying an individual to speak for him or her and not allow the individual to speak for themselves. An indicator could be a sudden increase in checking overdrafts or unusually large cash withdrawals or to transfer to other accounts from a joint bank account. Someone else could sign or forge an individual’s signature. Another indicator could be not allowing an individual to discuss legal or financial issues or matters with others. Indicator could be a staff member or family member taking money from the individual without telling them and leaving them with nothing and leading them on saying they have more money than they rea lly do, or taking control of their money and managing their money and tell them what they can and cannot spend money on. Unexplained inability to pay for bills such as shopping bills or house bills could be a sign of abuse. Staff members may not record when service users receive their money so they could take advantage of their money without consent of the service user. By not keeping records of what the service users money goes on it is easy to lose track and the amount of money been spent. A staff member could be short of money with their personal issues and use a service user’s money without anyone knowing and because stuff is not being recorded it can be hard to spot money being taken. Self-harm: there is self-harm, deliberate self-harm, self-injury and self-poisoning which are mostly done without suicidal intentions but just a relief maybe for some. Self-harm is causing deliberate harm to your own body like cutting or burning your skin, pulling your own hair out. Self-harm behaviour includes acts that can cause short and also long term damage for example under eating or binge drinking and drug abuse. Any of these signs could be from self-harm, unexplained cuts, bruises or cigarette burns usu ally are around the wrists, thighs and arms. Signs of depression such as low mood, crying a lot and no motivation. Signs of low self-esteem such as them blaming themselves for any problems and thinking that they are not good enough for something. Signs of misuse of drugs or alcohol and been pulling their hair out. Factors that could lead someone to self-harm could be down to family problems at home, relationship problems, if they are not doing well in education and then start to doubt themselves feeling like they are not good enough and feel like self-harm is the only release. Being bullied could be a factor for self-harm. Also drug or alcohol abuse. Another factor  is that you could be coming to terms with your sexuality and be unhappy to maybe tell people what your sexuality is. Coping with cultural expectations such as arranged marriage could lead to self-harming. Institutional: maltreatment of a person from someone who has power over the victim. Institutional abuse is about who abuses and how that abuse comes to pass. An indicator could be no flexibility in bed time routine or people left o n a commode or a toilet for a long period of time for no reason. Inappropriate care of living area or possessions. Lack of personal clothes or belonging. Deprived environmental conditions and lack of stimulation. Service user could be removed from the home without discussion with other staff members because the staff cannot deal with the service user’s behaviours. Another indicator could be spoken to and treated with disrespect. Lack of individual programmes that would monitor their daily life and behaviours. Factors that could lead to institutional abuse could be down to the environment and the surrounding as it could be the environment out of a home setting and what they are used to, it can determine the potential for maltreatment. Maltreatment mostly happens when the adult may be in a crisis and the caregiver has not got the skills and developed alternative and appropriate response to the service user. Discriminatory: when someone picks on you and treats you differently and unfairly just because something is different about you whether it is your race, sexuality, religion or appearance. Indicators could be that the person being abused is withdrawn and isolates themselves away from other people, fearfulness and anxiety, loss of self-esteem, being refuse to be able to access services and excluded to other people, resistance or refusal to access services that are required to meet the needs. Types of abuse for discrimination would include things such a sex, race, colour, language, culture, religion, politics and sexual orientation. Factors that could lead to discriminatory abuse could be that the care giver does not agree with someone’s religion or sexuality for example, if a service user were gay there caregiver could exclude them from everything and not provide the correct care for them because they do not agree with same sex relationships which would be classes as discriminat ory abuse. The risk factor is greater when the service user or vulnerable adult has a difficulty to communicate with others, always rejecting help from staff member, often has an unusual and offensive behaviour or aggressive  because of these issues staff members may not be able to cope and may no0t have the patients or correct training to resolve these issues which can then lead to abuse. Domestic: The abuse of a partner with an intimate or family member, the abuse is repeated and random. The abuse can be physical, emotional, psychological, financial or sexual. May show the signs of bruises, burns, human bite marks, and fractures round the eyes, nose, teeth and jaw, injuries during pregnancy such as miscarriage or premature birth. Stress related illnesses such as headaches, backaches, chronic pain, family problems, depression, alcohol or drug addictions, absenteeism like lateness or leaving early, changes in job performance. Overly dressed like wearing turtle necks and long sleeves in the summer to cover up any physical marks, jumpy and lack of personal grooming or low self-esteem. Factors that can lead to domestic abuse may be alcohol or drug related so that the drugs and alcohol inside their bodies are controlling them and they may not realise what they are really doing. The abuser could have an unknown mental health or personality problem. They could also suffer from bipolar and have random outbursts of aggressiveness. A history of violence or abuse that includes domestic abuse from previous relationship problems. Poor family relationships where violence is a normal thing and not really a big issue, financial problems because of low income or debt problems could all be factors of domestic abuse. Bullying: Has an advantage of strength or to intimidate someone and typically force someone to do something. Indicators for bullying could be that the person seems unhappy or depressed, not wanting to talk to people much and distancing themselves away from other people. Not socialising with other people. They could cry a lot but may not want to talk about it to anyone or make up an excuse. Factors that could lead to bullying could be for example a leader or person in charge could feel because they have more power that they can intimidate people into doing things and pressure people. If the victims are vulnerable and an easy target to staff member that are bullying them. Groups of staff members thinking it is amusing to bullying service users, which they could find amusing but actually be bullying, intentionally or unintentional. I chose Simone from Winterbourne view for my case study. She was one of man6y residents what suffered multiple abuses from Winterbourne view which was  exposed by Panorama. Her family want her close to her, but she is currently hundreds of miles away from her family. Simone’s parents’ notice that she was a little bit behind other children at nursery and then eventually found out it was because she suffered from a learning disability. Simone suffered from chronic headaches which became very distressing and then her behaviour began to chance and was much more challenging and harder to deal with. She then went to hospital to have it investigated. Simone suffered from physical and emotional abuse. Wayne the carer would physically abuse Simone by putting her hand under a chair and bending her arm which would cause bruising. She had water thrown over her face and left outside to freeze, this would affect her emotionally as it would make her sad and want to isolate herself f rom any of the staff members as she probably felt she couldn’t go to anyone for advice or tell someone about what is happening to her and the abuse she was receiving because the staff members were all in on it as well. As Wayne were the leader all the other members of staff may have been intimidated In some sort of way by him which lead them to copy and imitate what he did to service users like Simone. From the physical abuse by her bruising and marks on her skin, her parents didn’t realise as they only really spoke to her over the phone to check up on her and to see if she was okay, so they were unaware of the abuse that what going on. She was suffering from emotional abuse as well because she has already experienced some form of abuse when she was in a unit before and then had to be removed from that unit into a second unit where she still received abuse from. This would affect her health by her maybe not wanting to live and not to get involved with other people because she feels she cannot trust anyone around her. Long term effects by being pinned to the ground all the time and then it could have made her body or bones be in a certain position which could lead to joint damage or scars on her body. She could also flinch when people approach her even the people she trusts. Simone could be distressed behaviour in the long term by Simone being trapped in uncomfortable position. Although she had negative long term effects for life there are also positive such as being moved to another unit, even though she is hundreds of miles away from her family, they know and believe that she is now in a safe place, free from abuse and enjoying herself. Another long term effect could lead to depression and then she would isolate herself in any  activities and interaction with other people even those close to her. https://www.mencap.org.uk/get-involved/campaigns/take-action/out-sight/simones-story

Outline the principle strengths and weaknesses of accounting and business research. The WritePass Journal

Outline the principle strengths and weaknesses of accounting and business research. Abstract: Outline the principle strengths and weaknesses of accounting and business research. Abstract:Introduction:Research method:  Case I company:Case I data:Case II company:Case II data:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Method used:        Ã‚  Case IFirst phase:Second phase:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Case IIStrengths:Weaknesses:References:  Related Abstract: This project/essay is broadly based on a research article â€Å"The management of accounting number: case study evidence from the crash of an airline† by Ann Jorissen and David Otiey (2009 publishing date) and â€Å"Earnings quality in ex-post failed firms† by Juan Manuel Garcà ­a Lara, Beatriz Garcà ­a Osma and Evi Neophytou (December 2008 publishing date). Main body is mostly concentrated on the research methods used and the strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches and the methodologies used by the researchers in these empirical papers. Introduction: The empirical papers which I have chosen for â€Å"accounting and business research† have done research on an â€Å"airline company† {Case I} and â€Å"bankrupt firms† {Case II} and they have conducted several interview, used multi-theory method (upper-echelons, power-circulation strategic choice) and sampling method many models to justify there research respectively. Research method:   Case I company:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The researchers had selected SA irgroup (former Swiss Air) as there case company to study process and mechanism triggering to manipulation of accounting numbers. Case I data:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interview of different ex-employees was conducted and different categories of archival data were used by researchers like: i.  Bonus and stock option plan SA ir-Executives 1997-2000; ii. Bonus and stock option plan Sabena Executives 1999-2000: etc was used. Case II company: The researchers selected a junk of companies of UK by sampling method which had gone bankrupt and had data available in FAME entering bankruptcy 1998-2204 or continuing firms which had full data available in FAME 1995-2004. Case II data:   Ã‚  The data used by researchers was taken from the FAME.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Method used:         Ã‚  Case I   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They analyzed data in two phases wherein embedded design was employed which implied multiple levels of analysis (Eisenhardt, 1989). They had adopted interview method for there research but also included archival data. There research was based on both accounting as well as management perspective. First phase: In the first stage they arranged data in chronological order and reviewed all internal and external data available. Herein they analyzed data in directionality of the relationships assumed in traditional accounting research. They used a multiple case approach by considering each investment of the SA irgroup in a foreign airline. Each case they analyzed served to confirm inferences drawn from the analysis of the choices made in relation to the SA irgroups first investment in Sabena (Yin, 2003). The collection of data on all accounting and real choices with regard to all events and transactions would involve an immense amount of data so they used â€Å"disaggregated approach†. Second phase:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The analysis in second phase is based on theories like upper-echelons, strategic choice and power circulation. Then by combining results of the both phases they could explain more about the directionality between the different variables, one employed in financial misrepresentation and the other employed to create the necessary discretion to engage in managing accounting numbers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Case II In the first stage they collected all data they needed for the research via sampling method and then they used â€Å"working capital version† model of Jones (1991). They used this model first because research had indicated that management had more discretion over current accruals and moreover manipulation of long-term accruals such as depreciation was unlikely due to their high visibility low flexibility (Becker et al 1998; Young, 1999). After working capital version model they used â€Å"modified jones model† which works on the assumption that revenues are not discretionary i.e. the model disregards that managers also engage in real activities manipulation. The next model which they have used was â€Å"Kasznik model† (1999). The model incorporates the change in operating cash flow as an explanatory variable to account for the negative correlation between accruals and cash flows. The formula to obtain a measure of abnormal working capital according to Kasznik model is as under: Where, WCA is working capital accruals, ΔREV is change in sales, ΔCFO is change in cash flow from operations and TA are total assets, and t is the time period indicator. Next, for each firm, we calculate abnormal working capital accruals (AWCA) as follows: Where, à ¢0,à ¢1 andà ¢2 are the fitted industry-coefficients from equation. After Kasznik model they used Chariton et.al (2004) model to calculate the ex-ante one-year-ahead probability of bankruptcy of all failed firms. The formula what they used to calculate it is as under: Where, Pjt (Y = 1) is the probability of failure for entity j at the end of year t. The next model they used was of Roychowdhury (2006) Ball and Shiva kumar (2005). The earlier model was used to analyze the existence of real activities manipulation. Herein was focus was on sales manipulation. The later model was used to measure the different recognition speed of economics gains and losses in earnings by using time series accruals based measures of conditional conservatism. Strengths:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Case I  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Case II   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inclusion of both perspective i.e. accounting management (multiple methods) helped them for understanding the process of financial misrepresentation while as previous studies used accounting perspective only which couldn’t give much clarifications of the process.   Ã‚  Ã‚   ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This multi-theory perspective allowed them to discover various additional elements of discretion on top of the variables used in the extant literature.   iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to me face-to-face interviews as conducted by the researchers is that the answer of the interviewee is more spontaneous, without any extended reflection and manipulation.   iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This disaggregated approach has the potential advantage of yielding precise, directional predictions based on the researches understanding and Analysis of how decision-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   makers trade off the incentives associated with the accounting object of the study (Francis, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚   v.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The biggest advantage what these researchers had was having access to group’s internal information which helped a lot in carrying out there researches and justifying there conclusions. a)  Ã‚  Ã‚     Jones working capital modified model could analyze a proxy for manipulation capturing only pure accounting manipulation a proxy that pools together accounting and real activities manipulation.b)  Ã‚   By using UK sample they were advantageous as the insolvency code are allowed for a wider definition of bankruptcy, with different implications, than in the US (Franks et al 1996; Bradbury, 2007). c)  Ã‚  Ã‚   The best part of sampling method is that it is straightforward and probably the simplest method and is usually unbiased. d)  Ã‚   There access to FAME database and deriving data regarding bankrupt companies made an ease in making assessment of these and setting up there research. e)  Ã‚  Ã‚     Since the researchers have selected or used purposive sampling wherein probability of getting astray is minimum and variance is low in this case of sampling.    Weaknesses:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Case I   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Case II Interview is a complex and demanding technique (Frey Oishi 1995:02 ) An unusual degree of trust is likely to lead to willingness on the part of the subjects to answer the questions carefully and with validity. This is especially advantageous when the questions are of a sensitive nature (Lull 1990:53). Personal bias may b involved in interview method or understanding factor may become hindrance. According to me data taken by the researchers was too big in size so accuracy of the result was at stake. Sampling method can lead to the consequences of redundancy and thus hampering the accuracy of the result. Using data from data base is complex method and time consuming.    Impact of methodology on my dissertation: The methods used by the researchers to conduct there research i.e. â€Å"sampling† and â€Å"interview† and then applying different models and methodologies to derive the results or elaborate there research gave a perfect insight as to how a research should be conducted and then concluded. But I would like to go for â€Å"interview†, â€Å"available public information† and â€Å"questionnaire† method for my dissertation in coming months which would be on â€Å"Development in Banking sector in Kashmir† most probably. According to me interview method of collecting information is one of the best as the interviewee has very less time to respond and cannot manipulate answers so quickly in his brain and moreover interview method can help in extracting much internal information if the interviewer has those tactics and attitude of extracting as much information as possible. The questionnaire method gives an insight regarding what people or what the s ubject think about the given topic or question, it is one of the easiest methods and helps in figuring out the situation or the subject opinion from there point of view and this method would be the most important for my dissertation. Excess to public information and internal information will give positiveness to the dissertation because sometimes these information’s contain very important elements which throw light on various aspects which one researcher is looking for. I would try to rectify all disadvantages of the methods and apply then on my dissertation. References:   â€Å"Basic statistics for business and economics† by Paul G Hoel and Raymond J. jessen Ball, R. and Shivakumar L. (2005). ‘Earnings quality in UK private firms: comparative loss recognition timeliness’. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 39(1):83–128. â€Å"Elementary business statistics: the modern approach† by Freud and Williams â€Å"Earnings quality in ex-post failed firms† by Juan Manuel Garcà ­a Lara, Beatriz Garcà ­a Osma and Evi Neophytou (2008) http://ezproxy1.hw.ac.uk:3114/eds/detail?hid=22sid=2644bf2b-4378-4ae6-bb5f-e0d067d1ee89%40sessionmgr12vid=1bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=buhAN=39883573 Frey Oishi (1995:02) â€Å" how to conduct interviews by telephone in person† aber.ac.uk/media/students/aeo9702.html Jones, J. J. (1991). ‘Earnings management during import relief investigations’. Journal of Accounting Research, 29(2): 193–228. Lull, James (1990) â€Å" Inside family viewing†; London Routledge Roychowdhury, S. (2006). â€Å"Management of earnings through the manipulation of real activities that affect cash flow from operations† Journal of Accounting and Economics, 42(3): 335–370. â€Å"The management of accounting number: case study evidence from the crash of an airline† by Ann Jorissen and David Otiey (2009) http://ezproxy1.hw.ac.uk:3114/eds/detail?hid=22sid=1db6a896-b761-43fb-8f14-c493473c5b2f%40sessionmgr15vid=1bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=buhAN=48633863